EXHIBIT A
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
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In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the attached
Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, and expressly authorize
AMVESCAP PLC, as the ultimate parent company of each of its undersigned
subsidiaries, to file such Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, on
behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 13, 2006 AMVESCAP PLC
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Advisors, Inc.
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Capital Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Funds Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AMVESCAP National Trust Company
By: /s/ Kevin Lyman
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Name: Kevin Lyman
Title: General Counsel
Atlantic Trust Company, N.A.
By: /s/ Paul Elmlinger
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Name: Paul Elmlinger
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Hong Kong Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal AP
INVESCO Asset Management GmbH
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Michelle Moran
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Name: Michelle Moran
Title: Head of Legal for UK and Ireland
INVESCO Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Asset Management Osterreich GmbH
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Global Asset Management (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO GT Management Company S.A.
By: /s/ Nick Styman
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Name: Nick Styman
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO GT Management S.A.
By: /s/ Nick Styman
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Name: Nick Styman
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Institutional (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Italia SGR SpA
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Maximum Income Management S.A.
By: /s/ Nick Styman
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Name: Nick Styman
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Private Capital, Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Senior Secured Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Taiwan Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management (Japan) Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management Ireland Limited
By: /s/ Michelle Moran
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Name: Michelle Moran
Title: Head of Legal for UK and Ireland
INVESCO Kapitalanlagegesellschaft GmbH
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
Stein Roe Investment Counsel, Inc.
By: /s/ Greg Campbell
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Name: Greg Campbell
Title: General Counsel