Form: 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

November 9, 2021

Documents

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒          QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
 
☐           TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                          TO                           
 
Commission File Number
001-32663
 
CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
cco-20210930_g1.jpg
Delaware 88-0318078
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4830 North Loop 1604 West,  Suite 111
San Antonio, Texas 78249
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(210) 547-8800
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share CCO New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class Outstanding at November 4, 2021
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share 470,703,669


CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page Number
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION  
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
1

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.
INDEX TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page Number
Financial Statements:
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
2
Table of Contents
CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data) September 30,
2021		 December 31,
2020
  (Unaudited)
CURRENT ASSETS    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 599,999  $ 785,308 
Accounts receivable, net 537,258  468,329 
Prepaid expenses 53,550  49,509 
Other current assets 29,569  31,614 
Total Current Assets 1,220,376  1,334,760 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT  
Structures, net 597,051  688,947 
Other property, plant and equipment, net 187,284  199,877 
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL    
Indefinite-lived permits 707,967  826,528 
Other intangible assets, net 280,273  292,751 
Goodwill 699,910  709,637 
OTHER ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets 1,603,965  1,632,664 
Other assets 68,512  70,109 
Total Assets $ 5,365,338  $ 5,755,273 
CURRENT LIABILITIES    
Accounts payable $ 99,236  $ 101,159 
Accrued expenses 456,035  444,492 
Current operating lease liabilities 329,819  343,793 
Accrued interest 108,886  115,053 
Deferred revenue 94,438  64,313 
Current portion of long-term debt 21,160  21,396 
Total Current Liabilities 1,109,574  1,090,206 
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term debt 5,716,742  5,550,890 
Non-current operating lease liabilities 1,316,338  1,341,759 
Deferred tax liabilities, net 326,326  356,269 
Other long-term liabilities 184,182  198,751 
Total Liabilities 8,653,162  8,537,875 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5)
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Noncontrolling interest 9,693  10,855 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share: 2,350,000,000 shares authorized (474,279,094 shares issued as of September 30, 2021; 468,703,164 shares issued as of December 31, 2020)
 4,743  4,687 
Additional paid-in capital 3,517,302  3,502,991 
Accumulated deficit (6,437,298) (5,939,534)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (374,607) (358,520)
Treasury stock (3,613,482 shares held as of September 30, 2021; 1,360,252 shares held as of December 31, 2020)
 (7,657) (3,081)
     Total Stockholders' Deficit (3,287,824) (2,782,602)
     Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit $ 5,365,338  $ 5,755,273 
 
See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3
Table of Contents
CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS
(UNAUDITED)
 
(In thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
  September 30, September 30,
  2021 2020 2021 2020
Revenue $ 596,416  $ 447,505  $ 1,498,406  $ 1,313,220 
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 324,707  290,610  914,221  895,432 
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 118,158  106,871  328,593  330,263 
Corporate expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 41,806  30,719  113,576  99,722 
Depreciation and amortization 65,600  62,427  190,019  204,372 
Impairment charges —  27,263  118,950  150,400 
Other operating expense (income), net (2,422) 5,528  (4,045) (58,051)
Operating income (loss) 48,567  (75,913) (162,908) (308,918)
Interest expense, net (84,276) (90,551) (267,211) (269,435)
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  (5,389) (102,757) (5,389)
Other income (expense), net (11,973) 6,493  (1,788) (16,886)
Loss before income taxes (47,682) (165,360) (534,664) (600,628)
Income tax benefit 6,894  29,516  36,019  32,958 
Consolidated net loss (40,788) (135,844) (498,645) (567,670)
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest 43  93  (881) (17,044)
Net loss attributable to the Company $ (40,831) $ (135,937) $ (497,764) $ (550,626)
Net loss attributable to the Company per share of common stock — basic and diluted $ (0.09) $ (0.29) $ (1.06) $ (1.19)
 
See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
Table of Contents
CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(UNAUDITED)


(In thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net loss attributable to the Company $ (40,831) $ (135,937) $ (497,764) $ (550,626)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments 876  1,561  (17,044) (4,418)
Reclassification adjustments —  721  944  721 
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net of tax —  704  —  685 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 876  2,986  (16,100) (3,012)
Comprehensive loss (39,955) (132,951) (513,864) (553,638)
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest (6) 65  (13) (1,836)
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company $ (39,949) $ (133,016) $ (513,851) $ (551,802)


See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share data)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Common Shares Issued Non-controlling
Interest		 Controlling Interest Total
Common
Stock		 Additional Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock
Balances at June 30, 2021 473,835,417  $ 9,769  $ 4,738  $ 3,511,398  $ (6,396,467) $ (375,489) $ (6,171) $ (3,252,222)
Net income (loss) 43  —  —  (40,831) —  —  (40,788)
Exercise of stock options and release of stock awards
 443,677  —  5  30  —  —  (1,486) (1,451)
Share-based compensation
 —  —  5,874  —  —  —  5,874 
Payments to noncontrolling interests
 (113) —  —  —  —  —  (113)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (6) —  —  —  882  —  876 
Balances at September 30, 2021 474,279,094  $ 9,693  $ 4,743  $ 3,517,302  $ (6,437,298) $ (374,607) $ (7,657) $ (3,287,824)

(In thousands, except share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Controlling Interest Total
Common Shares Issued Non-controlling Interest Common
Stock		 Additional Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock
Balances at December 31, 2020 468,703,164  $ 10,855  $ 4,687  $ 3,502,991  $ (5,939,534) $ (358,520) $ (3,081) $ (2,782,602)
Net loss (881) —  —  (497,764) —  —  (498,645)
Exercise of stock options and release of stock awards
 5,575,930  —  56  (20) —  —  (4,576) (4,540)
Share-based compensation
 —  —  14,331  —  —  —  14,331 
Payments to noncontrolling interests
 (268) —  —  —  —  —  (268)
Other comprehensive loss (13) —  —  —  (16,087) —  (16,100)
Balances at September 30, 2021 474,279,094  $ 9,693  $ 4,743  $ 3,517,302  $ (6,437,298) $ (374,607) $ (7,657) $ (3,287,824)

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CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share data)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Controlling Interest Total
Common Shares Issued Non-controlling Interest Common
Stock		 Additional Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock
Balances at June 30, 2020 468,367,036  $ 11,424  $ 4,684  $ 3,496,641  $ (5,771,481) $ (346,400) $ (2,723) $ (2,607,855)
Net income (loss) 93  —  —  (135,937) —  —  (135,844)
Exercise of stock options and release of stock awards
 172,925  —  1  (53) —  —  (282) (334)
Share-based compensation
 (50) —  2,347  —  —  —  2,297 
Payments to noncontrolling interests
 (96) —  —  —  —  —  (96)
Other comprehensive income 65  —  —  1  2,920  —  2,986 
Balances at September 30, 2020 468,539,961  $ 11,436  $ 4,685  $ 3,498,935  $ (5,907,417) $ (343,480) $ (3,005) $ (2,738,846)

(In thousands, except share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Controlling Interest Total
Common Shares Issued Non-controlling Interest Common
Stock		 Additional Paid-in
Capital		 Accumulated
Deficit		 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock
Balances at December 31, 2019 466,744,939  $ 152,814  $ 4,667  $ 3,489,593  $ (5,349,611) $ (349,552) $ (2,617) $ (2,054,706)
Adoption of ASU 2016-13, Credit Losses
 —  —  —  (7,181) —  —  (7,181)
Net loss (17,044) —  —  (550,626) —  —  (567,670)
Exercise of stock options and release of stock awards
 1,795,022  —  18  (21) —  —  (388) (391)
Share-based compensation
 —  —  9,180  —  —  —  9,180 
Payments to noncontrolling interests
 (294) —  —  —  —  —  (294)
Clear Media divestiture
 (122,204) —  183  —  7,249  —  (114,772)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,836) —  —  1  (1,177) —  (3,012)
Balances at September 30, 2020 468,539,961  $ 11,436  $ 4,685  $ 3,498,935  $ (5,907,417) $ (343,480) $ (3,005) $ (2,738,846)

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Consolidated net loss $ (498,645) $ (567,670)
Reconciling items:
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges 308,969  354,772 
Non-cash operating lease expense 273,334  261,014 
Loss on extinguishment of debt 102,757  5,389 
Deferred taxes (30,285) (49,277)
Gain on disposal of operating and other assets, net (4,697) (69,601)
Foreign exchange transaction loss 3,455  15,618 
Credit loss expense (reversal) (3,365) 15,302 
Other reconciling items, net 23,421  14,967 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of disposition:
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable (59,050) 143,473 
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other operating assets (8,089) 59 
Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses 28,507  37,976 
Decrease in operating lease liabilities (291,144) (249,785)
Decrease in accrued interest (5,889) (37,626)
Increase in deferred revenue 12,104  21,956 
Decrease in other operating liabilities (5,656) (12,001)
Net cash used for operating activities (154,273) (115,434)
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and concession rights (82,438) (93,249)
Proceeds from disposal of assets, net 5,671  218,545 
Other investing activities, net (2,672) (1,034)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities (79,439) 124,262 
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Draws on credit facilities —  150,000 
Proceeds from long-term debt 2,085,570  375,000 
Payments on long-term debt (2,005,905) (69,517)
Debt issuance costs (24,438) (9,423)
Other financing activities, net (4,935) (1,087)
Net cash provided by financing activities 50,292  444,973 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (2,807) (13,307)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (186,227) 440,494 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 795,061  417,075 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 608,834  $ 857,569 
Supplemental disclosures:    
Cash paid for interest $ 264,387  $ 302,097 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 3,533  $ 11,312 

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Preparation of Interim Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as entities for which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Due to seasonality and other factors, the results for the interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. The financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 25, 2021.
Certain prior period amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the 2021 presentation.
Recent Developments
COVID-19
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic. While the duration and severity of the effects of the pandemic remain uncertain, the Company has taken and continues to take actions to strengthen its financial position and support the continuity of its platform and operations, as follows:
•The Company continues to complete contract negotiations with landlords and municipalities to better align fixed site lease expenses with reductions in revenue. Where applicable, the Company has applied the April 2020 supplemental Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) staff guidance regarding accounting for rent concessions resulting from COVID-19. The Company recognized reductions of rent expense on lease and non-lease contracts due to negotiated rent abatements of $21.6 million and $78.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $23.8 million and $53.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Negotiated deferrals of rent payments did not result in a reduction of rent expense.
•The Company received European governmental support and wage subsidies in response to COVID-19 of $6.3 million and $13.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $7.2 million and $14.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. These subsidies have been recorded as reductions in compensation and rent costs.
•The Company continues to execute upon its restructuring plan to reduce headcount in Europe, which it committed to during the third quarter of 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company incurred restructuring and other costs pursuant to this plan of $16.3 million and $33.5 million, respectively, in its Europe segment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company incurred restructuring and other costs pursuant to this plan of $1.1 million related to Corporate operations. Refer to Note 9 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
•In June 2021, one of the Company’s subsidiaries within its Europe segment borrowed approximately $34.7 million, at current exchange rates, through a state-guaranteed loan program established in response to COVID-19. Refer to Note 4 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
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Disposition
On April 28, 2020, the Company tendered its 50.91% stake in Clear Media Limited (“Clear Media”), a former indirect, non-wholly owned subsidiary of the Company based in China, pursuant to a voluntary conditional cash offer made by and on behalf of Ever Harmonic Global Limited (“Ever Harmonic”), and on May 14, 2020, the Company received $253.1 million in cash proceeds from the sale of its shares in Clear Media. The Company recognized a gain on the sale of Clear Media of $75.2 million, which is recorded within “Other operating income, net” on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Use of Estimates
The Company’s consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Such estimates and assumptions affect, among other things, the Company’s goodwill, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets; operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes and income tax contingencies; defined-benefit plan obligations; the allowance for credit losses; assessment of lease and non-lease contract expenses; and measurement of compensation cost for bonus and other compensation plans. The Company’s assessment of conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicates that the Company will be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date of these financial statements. There continues to be uncertainty in estimating the expected economic and operational impacts relative to COVID-19 as the situation continues to evolve. The estimates and assumptions used in these financial statements may change in future periods as the expected impacts from COVID-19 are revised, resulting in further potential impacts to the Company’s financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
The Company adopted the guidance under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, as of January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis. This update, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain existing exceptions to the general principles in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Reference Rate Reform
For the last several years, there has been an ongoing effort amongst regulators, standard setters, financial institutions and other market participants to replace interbank offered rates, including the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), with alternative reference rates. In the United States (“U.S.”), the Alternative Reference Rates Committee has formally recommended forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) term rates as the replacement for USD LIBOR, while various other risk-free rates have been selected to replace LIBOR for other currencies. In March 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, LIBOR’s administrator, announced that it will cease publication of certain LIBOR rates after December 31, 2021, while the remaining USD LIBOR rates will be published through June 30, 2023.
The Company is currently working with the administrative agent of its Senior Secured Credit Facilities and Receivables-Based Credit Facility to finalize replacement rates; however, the Company does not expect the replacement of LIBOR to result in a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, in order to ease the potential burden of accounting for reference rate reform initiatives. The update provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP contract modification accounting to contracts and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met and may be applied through December 31, 2022. The Company is assessing whether it will use these optional expedients and exceptions but does not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures. The Company will continue to monitor and assess regulatory developments during the transition period.
NOTE 2 – SEGMENT DATA
The Company has two reportable segments, which it believes best reflect how the Company is currently managed – Americas and Europe. The Americas segment consists of operations primarily in the U.S., and the Europe segment consists of operations in Europe and Singapore. The Company’s remaining operating segments do not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as reportable segments and are disclosed as “Other.” Each segment provides out-of-home advertising services in its respective geographic region using various digital and traditional display types, consisting primarily of billboards, street furniture displays and transit displays.
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Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the profitability metric reported to the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) for purposes of making decisions about allocation of resources to, and assessing performance of, each reportable segment. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as revenue less direct operating expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding restructuring and other costs, which are defined as costs associated with cost-saving initiatives such as severance, consulting and termination costs and other special costs. Segment information for total assets is not presented as this information is not used by the Company’s CODM in measuring segment performance or allocating resources between segments.
The following table presents the Company’s reportable segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2021 2020 2021 2020
Revenue
Americas $ 319,020  $ 223,715  $ 802,524  $ 719,202 
Europe 262,568  216,934  659,216  535,970 
Other(1)
14,828  6,856  36,666  58,048 
Total $ 596,416  $ 447,505  $ 1,498,406  $ 1,313,220 
Capital Expenditures
Americas $ 15,857  $ 9,293  $ 39,988  $ 41,189 
Europe 12,992  12,067  30,298  31,489 
Other(1)
862  2,420  3,082  10,805 
Corporate 2,961  2,506  9,070  9,766 
Total $ 32,672  $ 26,286  $ 82,438  $ 93,249 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Americas $ 139,086  $ 70,716  $ 330,527  $ 225,693 
Europe 31,271  (8,141) (34,614) (91,071)
Other(1)
425  (5,650) (4,321) (36,092)
Total $ 170,782  $ 56,925  $ 291,592  $ 98,530 
Reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Consolidated Net Loss Before Income Taxes
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ 170,782  $ 56,925  $ 291,592  $ 98,530 
Less reconciling items:
Corporate expenses(2)
41,806  30,719  113,576  99,722 
Depreciation and amortization 65,600  62,427  190,019  204,372 
Impairment charges —  27,263  118,950  150,400 
Restructuring and other costs(3)
17,231  6,901  36,000  11,005 
Other operating expense (income), net (2,422) 5,528  (4,045) (58,051)
Interest expense, net 84,276  90,551  267,211  269,435 
Other reconciling items(4)
11,973  (1,104) 104,545  22,275 
Consolidated net loss before income taxes $ (47,682) $ (165,360) $ (534,664) $ (600,628)
(1)Other includes the Company’s operations in Latin America and, for periods prior to the disposition of the Company’s stake in Clear Media on April 28, 2020, China.
(2)Corporate expenses include expenses related to infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions of each of the Company’s reportable segments, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions. Share-based payments and certain restructuring and other costs are recorded in corporate expenses.
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(3)The restructuring and other costs line item in this reconciliation excludes those restructuring and other costs related to corporate functions, which are included within the Corporate expenses line item.
(4)Other reconciling items includes Loss on extinguishment of debt and Other income (expense), net.
NOTE 3 – REVENUE
The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of advertising space on printed and digital out-of-home advertising displays. Certain of these revenue transactions are considered leases for accounting purposes as the contracts convey to customers the right to control the use of the Company’s advertising displays for a period of time. The Company accounts for revenue from leases in accordance with the lease accounting guidance under ASC Topic 842; all remaining revenue transactions are accounted for as revenue from contracts with customers under ASC Topic 606.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table shows revenue from contracts with customers, revenue from leases and total revenue, disaggregated by segment, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Revenue from contracts with customers Revenue from leases Total Revenue
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Americas(1)
$ 154,843  $ 164,177  $ 319,020 
Europe 235,082  27,486  262,568 
Other(2)
11,994  2,834  14,828 
     Total $ 401,919  $ 194,497  $ 596,416 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Americas(1)
$ 109,165  $ 114,550  $ 223,715 
Europe 189,342  27,592  216,934 
Other(2)
5,366  1,490  6,856 
     Total $ 303,873  $ 143,632  $ 447,505 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Americas(1)
$ 370,815  $ 431,709  $ 802,524 
Europe 584,937  74,279  659,216 
Other(2)
29,849  6,817  36,666 
Total $ 985,601  $ 512,805  $ 1,498,406 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Americas(1)
$ 362,346  $ 356,856  $ 719,202 
Europe 467,517  68,453  535,970 
Other(2)
52,055  5,993  58,048 
Total $ 881,918  $ 431,302  $ 1,313,220 
(1)Americas total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 includes revenue from transit displays of $45.7 million and $25.0 million, respectively, including revenue from airport displays of $43.0 million and $22.8 million, respectively. Americas total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 includes revenue from transit displays of $94.1 million and $108.8 million, respectively, including revenue from airport displays of $87.1 million and $100.5 million, respectively.
(2)Other includes the Company’s businesses in Latin America and, for periods prior to the disposition of the Company’s stake in Clear Media on April 28, 2020, China. Total revenue for the Company’s Latin America business during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $28.8 million.
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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following tables show the Company’s beginning and ending accounts receivable and deferred revenue balances from contracts with customers:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Accounts receivable, net of allowance, from contracts with customers:
  Beginning balance $ 346,306  $ 239,957  $ 349,799  $ 581,555 
  Ending balance $ 390,053  $ 312,076  $ 390,053  $ 312,076 
Deferred revenue from contracts with customers:
  Beginning balance $ 50,067  $ 47,760  $ 37,712  $ 52,589 
  Ending balance $ 53,916  $ 50,875  $ 53,916  $ 50,875 
During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the Company recognized $42.9 million and $33.3 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue from contracts with customers balance at the beginning of the respective quarter. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the Company recognized $36.8 million and $47.4 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue from contracts with customers balance at the beginning of the respective year.
The Company’s contracts with customers generally have terms of one year or less; however, as of September 30, 2021, the Company expects to recognize $99.3 million of revenue in future periods for remaining performance obligations from current contracts with customers that have an original expected duration of greater than one year, with the majority of this amount to be recognized over the next five years.
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NOTE 4 – LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
(In thousands) September 30,
2021		 December 31,
2020
Term Loan Facility(1)
$ 1,960,000  $ 1,975,000 
Revolving Credit Facility(2)
130,000  130,000 
Receivables-Based Credit Facility —  — 
Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings 5.125% Senior Secured Notes Due 2027
 1,250,000  1,250,000 
Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings 7.75% Senior Notes Due 2028(3)
1,000,000  — 
Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings 7.5% Senior Notes Due 2029(4)
1,050,000  — 
Clear Channel Worldwide Holdings 9.25% Senior Notes Due 2024(3),(4)
—  1,901,525 
Clear Channel International B.V. 6.625% Senior Secured Notes Due 2025
 375,000  375,000 
Other debt(5)
39,694  6,763 
Original issue discount (7,312) (8,296)
Long-term debt fees (59,480) (57,706)
Total debt 5,737,902  5,572,286 
Less: Current portion 21,160  21,396 
Total long-term debt $ 5,716,742  $ 5,550,890 
(1)The Company paid $5.0 million of the outstanding principal on the term loan facility (“Term Loan Facility”) in each quarter of 2021, for a total of $15.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, in accordance with the terms of the senior secured credit agreement ("Senior Secured Credit Agreement") governing the senior secured credit facilities, which consist of the Term Loan Facility and the revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”).
(2)The Company repaid the $130.0 million outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility on October 26, 2021 using cash on hand.
(3)On February 17, 2021, the Company issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2028. On March 4, 2021, the Company used the net proceeds from this issuance to cause Clear Channel Worldwide Holdings, Inc. (“CCWH”), a subsidiary of the Company, to redeem $940.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 9.25% Senior Notes due 2024 (“CCWH Senior Notes”) at a redemption price equal to 104.625% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. As a result of this partial redemption, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $51.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
(4)On June 1, 2021, the Company issued $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Senior Notes due 2029. On June 16, 2021, the Company used the net proceeds from this issuance to cause CCWH to redeem all of the outstanding $961.5 million aggregate principal amount of its CCWH Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 104.625% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. As a result of this redemption, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $51.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021.
(5)On June 29, 2021, one of the Company’s non-guarantor European subsidiaries entered into a state-guaranteed loan of €30.0 million, or approximately $34.7 million at current exchange rates, with a third-party lender. The term of this unsecured loan, which is guaranteed by the government of that country, will range from one to six years depending upon the Company’s election (the “Extension Request”), which must be made by June 29, 2022. The loan bears an interest rate of 0% during the first year, and the interest rate for any subsequent periods will be negotiated with the lender upon submission of the Extension Request. Additionally, at the end of the first year of the loan, the Company must pay a fee relating to the state guarantee equal to 0.5% of the amount of the loan. If the Company elects to extend the loan past the first year, the annual cost of the guarantee will increase to 1.0% for the second and third years and 2.0% for the remainder of the loan term. The Company may generally prepay the loan in part or in full without penalty.
The aggregate market value of the Company’s debt based on market prices for which quotes were available was approximately $5.9 billion and $5.6 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Under the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820-10-35, the inputs used to disclose the market value of the Company’s debt would be classified as Level 1.
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Amendment to Senior Secured Credit Facilities
In May 2021, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the suspended springing financial covenant through December 31, 2021 and delay the scheduled financial covenant step-down until September 30, 2022. The springing financial covenant, applicable solely to the Revolving Credit Facility, generally requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio of 7.60 to 1.00, with a step-down to 7.10 to 1.00 if the balance of the Revolving Credit Facility is greater than $0 and undrawn letters of credit exceed $10 million. In addition, under the Senior Secured Credit Agreement, as amended, the Company is required to maintain minimum cash on hand and availability under the Receivables-Based Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility of $150 million for all reporting periods through March 31, 2022.
CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes Due 2028
On February 17, 2021, the Company completed the sale of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes”) in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and to persons outside the U.S. pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act.
On the same date, the Company entered into an indenture, dated as of February 17, 2021 (the “CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes Indenture”), by and among the Company, the subsidiaries of the Company acting as guarantors party thereto (collectively, the “Guarantors”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
The CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes mature on April 15, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 7.75% per annum. Interest on the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes is payable to the holders thereof semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on October 15, 2021.
The CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes (i) rank pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company; (ii) are senior in right of payment to all of the future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and the Guarantors; (iii) are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ existing and future indebtedness secured by a lien, to the extent of the value of such collateral; and (iv) are structurally subordinated to any existing and future obligations of any existing or future subsidiaries of the Company that do not guarantee the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes, including all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.
The Company may redeem all or a portion of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes beginning on April 15, 2024 at the redemption prices set forth in the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes Indenture. Prior to April 15, 2024, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes plus the “make-whole” premium described in the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes Indenture. The Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes at any time prior to April 15, 2024 using the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at 107.75% of the principal amount of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes.
The CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes Indenture contains covenants that limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (ii) redeem, purchase or retire subordinated debt; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts from the Company’s restricted subsidiaries that are not Guarantors; (v) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vi) merge or consolidate with another person, or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; (vii) sell certain assets, including capital stock of the Company’s subsidiaries; (viii) designate the Company’s subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries; (ix) pay dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock or make other restricted payments; and (x) incur certain liens.
CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes Due 2029
On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes”) in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to persons outside the U.S. pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act.
On the same date, the Company entered into an indenture, dated as of June 1, 2021 (the “CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes Indenture”), by and among the Company, the Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
The CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum. Interest on the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes is payable to the holders thereof semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2021.
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The CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned existing and future domestic subsidiaries. The CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes (i) rank pari passu in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company; (ii) are senior in right of payment to all of the future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and the Guarantors; (iii) are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ existing and future indebtedness secured by a lien, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt; and (iv) are structurally subordinated to any existing and future obligations of any existing or future subsidiaries of the Company that do not guarantee the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes, including all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.
The Company may redeem all or a portion of the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes beginning on June 1, 2024 at the redemption prices set forth in the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes Indenture. Prior to June 1, 2024, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes plus the “make-whole” premium described in the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes Indenture. The Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes at any time prior to June 1, 2024 using the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at 107.5% of the principal amount of the CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes.
The CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes Indenture contains covenants that limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (ii) redeem, purchase or retire subordinated debt; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts from the Company’s restricted subsidiaries that are not Guarantors; (v) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vi) merge or consolidate with another person, or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; (vii) sell certain assets, including capital stock of the Company’s subsidiaries; (viii) designate the Company’s subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries; (ix) pay dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock or make other restricted payments; and (x) incur certain liens.
Letters of Credit, Surety Bonds and Guarantees
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $43.2 million of letters of credit outstanding under its Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $1.8 million of remaining excess availability. Additionally, the Company had $60.6 million of letters of credit outstanding under its receivables-based credit facility, which had a borrowing base greater than its borrowing limit of $125.0 million, with total excess availability of $64.4 million. Additionally, as of September 30, 2021, the Company had $93.8 million and $41.8 million of surety bonds and bank guarantees outstanding, respectively, a portion of which was supported by $9.0 million of cash collateral. These letters of credit, surety bonds and bank guarantees relate to various operational matters, including insurance, bid, concession and performance bonds, as well as other items.
NOTE 5 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued an estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in the Company’s assumptions or the effectiveness of its strategies related to these proceedings. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Although the Company is involved in a variety of legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, a large portion of the Company’s litigation arises in the following contexts: commercial disputes, employment and benefits related claims, land use and zoning, governmental fines, intellectual property claims and tax disputes.
China Investigation
Two former employees of Clear Media, a former indirect, non-wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company whose ordinary shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, have been convicted in China of certain crimes, including the crime of misappropriation of funds, and sentenced to imprisonment. The Company is not aware of any litigation, claim or assessment pending against the Company in relation to this investigation. Based on information known to date, the Company believes any contingent liabilities arising from potential misconduct that has been or may be identified by the investigation in China are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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The Company advised both the SEC and the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ") of the investigation at Clear Media and is cooperating to provide documents, interviews and information to the agencies. Subsequent to the announcement that the Company was considering a strategic review of its stake in Clear Media, in March 2020, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings received a subpoena from the staff of the SEC and a Grand Jury subpoena from the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York, both in connection with the previously disclosed investigations. On April 28, 2020, the Company tendered the shares representing its 50.91% stake in Clear Media to Ever Harmonic, a special-purpose vehicle wholly owned by a consortium of investors which includes the chief executive officer and an executive director of Clear Media, and on May 14, 2020, the Company received the final proceeds of the sale. In connection with the sale of its shares in Clear Media, the Company entered into an Investigation and Litigation Support Agreement with Clear Media and Ever Harmonic that requires Clear Media, if requested by the SEC and/or DOJ, to use reasonable efforts to timely provide relevant factual information to the SEC and/or DOJ, among other obligations.
The Clear Media investigation could implicate the books and records, internal controls and anti-bribery provisions of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which statute and regulations provide for potential monetary penalties as well as criminal and civil sanctions. It is possible that monetary penalties and other sanctions could be assessed on the Company in connection with this matter. The nature and amount of any monetary penalty or other sanctions cannot reasonably be estimated at this time and could be qualitatively or quantitatively material to the Company.
In connection with this investigation, the SEC has also requested information regarding the Company’s historical oversight of its business in Italy and the misstatements and related forensic investigation, as described below. The Company is cooperating to provide documents and information responsive to the SEC inquiries and is voluntarily sharing the documents and information with the DOJ.
Italy Investigation
During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company identified misstatements associated with VAT obligations in its business in Italy, which resulted in an understatement of its VAT obligation of $16.9 million as of December 31, 2017. Upon identification of these misstatements, the Company undertook certain procedures, including a forensic investigation. In addition, the Company voluntarily disclosed the matter and findings to the Italian tax authorities in order to commence a discussion on the appropriate calculation of the VAT position.
In February 2021, the Company negotiated a final settlement with the Italian tax authorities to repay a substantial portion of the VAT previously applied as a credit in relation to the transactions under investigation, amounting to approximately $21.7 million, including penalties and interest. The Company had previously made payments of $8.1 million and applied VAT recoverable of $1.7 million against the outstanding balance. During the first nine months of 2021, the Company paid an additional $4.5 million, with the majority of the residual amount to be paid in quarterly installments over the next four years.
NOTE 6 – INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Benefit
The Company’s income tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following components:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2021 2020 2021 2020
Current tax benefit (expense) $ 4,713  $ 1,481  $ 5,734  $ (16,319)
Deferred tax benefit 2,181  28,035  30,285  49,277 
Income tax benefit $ 6,894  $ 29,516  $ 36,019  $ 32,958 
The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were 14.5% and 6.7%, respectively, compared to 17.8% and 5.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. These rates were primarily impacted by the valuation allowance recorded against current period deferred tax assets resulting from losses and interest expense carryforwards in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions due to uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to realize those assets in future periods. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $59.5 million of tax expense as a result of selling its 50.91% stake in Clear Media.
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NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following classes of assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
(In thousands) September 30,
2021		 December 31,
2020
Structures $ 2,339,960  $ 2,378,124 
Furniture and other equipment 252,693  244,913 
Land, buildings and improvements 148,937  149,992 
Construction in progress 38,261  42,366 
Property, plant and equipment, gross 2,779,851  2,815,395 
Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,995,516) (1,926,571)
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 784,335  $ 888,824 
NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangible assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
(In thousands) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
  Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization
Indefinite-lived permits $ 707,967  $ —  $ 826,528  $ — 
Transit, street furniture and other outdoor
   contractual rights		 449,063  (396,790) 458,316  (398,186)
Permanent easements 164,718  —  162,900  — 
Trademarks 83,569  (20,477) 83,569  (14,229)
Other 1,638  (1,448) 2,072  (1,691)
Total intangible assets $ 1,406,955  $ (418,715) $ 1,533,385  $ (414,106)
The Company performs its annual impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets as of July 1 of each year, and more frequently as events or changes in circumstances warrant, as described in the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
•During the first quarter of 2021, the Company tested its indefinite-lived permits for impairment due to an increase in the discount rate, resulting in an impairment charge of $119.0 million. The Company’s annual impairment test as of July 1, 2021 did not result in any additional impairment.
•During the first quarter of 2020, the Company tested its indefinite-lived permits for impairment due to expected negative financial statement impacts from COVID-19, resulting in an impairment charge of $123.1 million. The Company’s annual impairment test as of July 1, 2020 did not result in additional impairment; however, due to the continued impacts of COVID-19, the Company also tested its indefinite-lived permits for impairment at the end of the third quarter of 2020, resulting in an additional impairment charge of $17.5 million.
Goodwill
The following table presents changes in the goodwill balance for the Company’s segments during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
(In thousands) Americas Europe Other Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2020(1)
$ 507,819  $ 201,818  $ —  $ 709,637 
Foreign currency —  (9,727) —  (9,727)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 507,819  $ 192,091  $ —  $ 699,910 
(1)The balance at December 31, 2020 is net of cumulative impairments of $2.6 billion, $191.4 million and $90.4 million for Americas, Europe and Other, respectively.
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The Company performs its annual impairment test for goodwill as of July 1 of each year as described in the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. No goodwill impairment was recognized during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021; however, due to the continued negative financial statement impacts of COVID-19, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $9.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing the entire goodwill balance in the Company's Latin America business.
NOTE 9 – COST-SAVINGS INITIATIVES
Restructuring Plans to Reduce Headcount
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company committed to restructuring plans to reduce headcount in the Americas and Europe segments as well as in Latin America, primarily in response to the impact of COVID-19. The Americas plan and the Latin America portion of the international plan were completed in 2020.
In Europe, the Company is continuing to make relevant announcements to employees regarding the intended reduction in force and related cost reduction and restructuring actions. In April 2021, the Company revised its international restructuring plan to reflect delays in implementing the Europe portion of the plan and additional headcount reductions in Europe. The Company expects this revised plan to be substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of 2023 and estimates that total charges for the Europe portion of the international restructuring plan, which includes charges already incurred, will be in a range of approximately $51 million to $56 million. Substantially all charges related to this plan were or are expected to be severance benefits and related costs. The following table presents costs incurred in the Company’s Europe segment in connection with this portion of the restructuring plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and since the plan was initiated:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, Total to date
  2021 2020 2021 2020 September 30,
2021
Costs incurred in Europe segment:
Direct operating expenses(1)
$ 7,984  $ 140  $ 17,119  $ 140  $ 19,501 
Selling, general and administrative expenses(1)
8,322  3,139  16,398  3,139  22,375 
Total charges $ 16,306  $ 3,279  $ 33,517  $ 3,279  $ 41,876 
(1)Costs are categorized as Restructuring and other costs and are therefore excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
As of September 30, 2021, the total liability related to these restructuring plans was $28.0 million. The following table presents changes in the liability balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
(In thousands) Americas Europe Other Corporate Total
Liability balance as of December 31, 2020
 $ 2,533  $ 2,455  $ —  $ 818  $ 5,806 
Costs incurred —  33,517  —  1,077  34,594 
Costs paid or otherwise settled (2,364) (8,619) —  (1,393) (12,376)
Liability balance as of September 30, 2021
 $ 169  $ 27,353  $ —  $ 502  $ 28,024 
Other Restructuring Costs
In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company incurred restructuring costs of $0.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in Corporate and $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in Europe related to termination benefits associated with cost-savings initiatives outside of the aforementioned restructuring plans. These other cost-savings initiatives have been substantially completed and paid as of September 30, 2021.
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NOTE 10 – NET LOSS PER SHARE
The following table presents the computation of net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2021 2020 2021 2020
Numerator:        
Net loss attributable to the Company – common shares $ (40,831) $ (135,937) $ (497,764) $ (550,626)
Denominator:        
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic 469,234  464,858  467,994  464,268 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted 469,234  464,858  467,994  464,268 
Net loss attributable to the Company per share of common stock:        
Basic $ (0.09) $ (0.29) $ (1.06) $ (1.19)
Diluted $ (0.09) $ (0.29) $ (1.06) $ (1.19)
Outstanding equity awards of 27.9 million and 11.6 million shares for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 25.5 million and 12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.
NOTE 11 — OTHER INFORMATION
Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
(In thousands) September 30,
2021		 December 31,
2020
Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet $ 599,999  $ 785,308 
Restricted cash included in:
  Other current assets 1,200  1,433 
  Other assets 7,635  8,320 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Statement of Cash Flows $ 608,834  $ 795,061 
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table discloses the components of “Accounts receivable, net,” as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(In thousands) September 30,
2021		 December 31,
2020
Accounts receivable $ 561,931  $ 500,372 
Less: Allowance for credit losses (24,673) (32,043)
Accounts receivable, net $ 537,258  $ 468,329 
Credit loss expense (reversal) related to accounts receivable was $(0.3) million and $3.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(3.4) million and $15.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
There were no significant changes in deferred income tax liabilities resulting from adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
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Share-Based Compensation
On May 5, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2012 Second Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which amends and restates the 2012 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan. The 2021 Plan is a broad-based incentive plan that provides for granting stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance-based cash and stock awards to any of the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ present or future directors, officers, employees, consultants, or advisers. The Company had 34,129,442 shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan as of September 30, 2021, assuming a 100% payout of the Company’s outstanding performance stock units.
On July 27, 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved grants of 5.3 million restricted stock units ("RSUs") and 2.1 million performance stock units ("PSUs") to certain of its employees.
•The RSUs generally vest in three equal annual installments on each of April 1, 2022, April 1, 2023 and April 1, 2024, provided that the recipient is still employed by or providing services to the Company on each vesting date.
•The PSUs will vest and become earned based on the achievement of the Company’s total shareholder return relative to the Company’s peer group (the “Relative TSR”) over a performance period commencing on July 1, 2021 and ending on March 31, 2024 (the “Performance Period”). If the Company achieves Relative TSR at the 90th percentile or higher, the PSUs will be earned at 150% of the target number of shares. If the Company achieves Relative TSR at the 60th percentile, the PSU will be earned at 100% of the target number of shares. If the Company achieves Relative TSR at the 30th percentile, the PSUs will be earned at 50% of the target number of shares. To the extent Relative TSR is between vesting levels, the portion of the PSUs that become vested will be determined using straight line interpolation. The PSUs are considered market condition awards pursuant to ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share.
Amendment to Shareholder Rights Plan
On May 14, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s existing shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), extending its expiration date from May 14, 2021 to April 15, 2022. All other terms and conditions of the Rights Plan adopted in May 2020 remain unchanged.
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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” are to Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and all references to “CCOH” are to Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. without its consolidated subsidiaries.
The MD&A is organized as follows:
•Overview – Discussion of the nature, key developments and trends of our business in order to provide context for the remainder of the MD&A.
•Results of Operations – Analysis of our financial results of operations at the consolidated and segment levels.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources – Discussion of our cash flows, anticipated cash requirements, sources and uses of capital and liquidity and debt covenants.
•Critical Accounting Estimates – Discussion of accounting estimates that we believe are most important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our consolidated financial statements.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” contained at the end of this MD&A.
OVERVIEW
Description of Our Business
Our revenue is derived from selling advertising space on the displays we own or operate in key markets worldwide, consisting primarily of billboards, street furniture and transit displays. We have two reportable business segments, which we believe reflect how the Company is currently managed: Americas, which consists of operations primarily in the U.S., and Europe, which consists of operations in Europe and Singapore. Our remaining operating segments, which include China for periods before its sale on April 28, 2020 and Latin America, do not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as reportable segments and are disclosed as “Other.” Each segment provides out-of-home advertising services in its respective geographic region using various digital and traditional display types.
Macroeconomic Indicators, Seasonality and Recent Developments
Advertising revenue for our business is highly correlated to changes in gross domestic product (“GDP”) as advertising spending has historically trended in line with GDP, both domestically and internationally. Additionally, our international results are impacted by the economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
We typically experience our lowest financial performance in the first quarter of the calendar year, which is generally offset during the remainder of the year as our business typically experiences its strongest performance in the second and fourth quarters of the calendar year. However, as described below, our financial performance in 2020 and 2021 has been negatively impacted by COVID-19. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact our results for the remainder of the year will depend on future developments, which remain uncertain.
COVID-19 Update
As described in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, COVID-19 had a significant adverse impact on our results of operations starting in March 2020, with the severity of the negative impacts on out-of-home metrics, travel patterns, consumer behavior and economic activity fluctuating throughout the remainder of the year based on the evolving nature of COVID-19 developments in each geographic region. In the first quarter of 2021, we continued to see revenues remain significantly below historic norms throughout our business; however, we saw positive trends in revenue for each of our segments during the second and third quarters as mobility levels continued to increase.
Our results for the third quarter reflect both year-over-year and sequential quarter increases in revenue.
•In our Americas segment, we saw increases in revenue across all products, largely driven by strength in our billboard inventory and growth in revenue from digital displays. Additionally, during the third quarter we saw strength in airport display revenue as traveling began to rebound.
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•In our Europe segment, the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions and increased vaccination levels have led to significant improvements in our revenue performance, particularly in the U.K. where revenues exceeded 2019 levels. Throughout Europe we saw strong performance in our street furniture and retail displays.
Currently, the gap to normalized quarterly booking activity is narrowing as most business segment activity is approaching historical seasonal levels. However, in certain instances we continue to experience customer advertising buying decisions later in the buying cycle, particularly in Europe.
Since the onset of the pandemic, we have taken various measures to increase our liquidity and preserve and strengthen our financial flexibility, including aggressive operating cost and capital expenditure savings initiatives, restructuring plans to reduce headcount and other targeted liquidity measures. As our operating performance improves, we continue to reassess and modify these actions accordingly, including ceasing certain temporary operating cost savings initiatives and increasing our investment in our business through additional capital expenditures. However, the duration and severity of COVID-19 continue to evolve and remain uncertain, and the extent to which COVID-19 will ultimately impact our results continues to depend on future developments, including the pace of vaccine distribution and vaccine effectiveness, government responses to future outbreaks, the spread of variants, and global macro-economic consequences, including inflationary pressure. The curtailed customer demand we have experienced as a result of COVID-19 could continue to materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods, and we will consider implementing additional cost savings initiatives in order to better align our operating expense base with revenues and to provide additional financial flexibility as circumstances warrant.
Executive Summary
The key developments in our business during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are summarized below:
•Consolidated revenue increased 14.1% as we continue to recover from COVID-19’s impacts.
•During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized reductions of expense for negotiated rent abatements and European governmental support and wage subsidies of $78.9 million and $13.1 million, respectively.
•In February, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.75% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes"). In March, we used the net proceeds from this issuance to redeem $940.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 9.25% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “CCWH Senior Notes”).
•In April, we revised the Europe portion of our international restructuring plan. We expect this portion of the plan to be substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of 2023 with total charges, including charges already incurred, in a range of approximately $51 million to $56 million and to result in pre-tax annual cost savings in excess of $28 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred $33.5 million of costs pursuant to this plan.
•In May, we entered into a second amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the suspended springing financial covenant through December 31, 2021 and further delay the scheduled financial covenant step-down until September 30, 2022.
•In June, we issued $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes”) and used the net proceeds from this issuance to redeem the remaining outstanding CCWH Senior Notes. Additionally, a non-guarantor European subsidiary borrowed approximately $34.7 million, at current exchange rates, through a state-guaranteed loan program established in response to COVID-19.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The discussion of our results of operations is presented on both a consolidated and segment basis.
•Our operating segment profit measure is Segment Adjusted EBITDA, which is calculated as revenue less direct operating expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding restructuring and other costs, which are defined as costs associated with cost-saving initiatives such as severance, consulting and termination costs and other special costs. The material components of Segment Adjusted EBITDA are discussed below on both a consolidated and segment basis.
•Corporate expenses, depreciation and amortization, impairment charges, other operating income and expense, all non-operating income and expenses, and income taxes are managed on a total company basis and are, therefore, included only in our discussion of consolidated results.
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Revenue and expenses “excluding the impact of movements in foreign exchange rates” in this MD&A are presented because management believes that viewing certain financial results without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates facilitates period-to-period comparisons of business performance and provides useful information to investors. Revenue and expenses “excluding the impact of movements in foreign exchange rates” are calculated by converting the current period’s revenue and expenses in local currency to U.S. dollars using average foreign exchange rates for the comparable period. 
Due to seasonality and uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, as previously described in the "Overview" discussion, the results for the interim period are not indicative of expected results for the full year.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The comparison of our historical results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 % Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
  2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
Revenue $ 596,416  $ 447,505  33.3% $ 1,498,406  $ 1,313,220  14.1%
Operating expenses:
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 324,707  290,610  11.7% 914,221  895,432  2.1%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 118,158  106,871  10.6% 328,593  330,263  (0.5)%
Corporate expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization)
 41,806  30,719  36.1% 113,576  99,722  13.9%
Depreciation and amortization 65,600  62,427  5.1% 190,019  204,372  (7.0)%
Impairment charges —  27,263  118,950  150,400 
Other operating expense (income), net (2,422) 5,528  (4,045) (58,051)
Operating income (loss) 48,567  (75,913) (162,908) (308,918)
Interest expense, net (84,276) (90,551)   (267,211) (269,435)  
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  (5,389) (102,757) (5,389)
Other income (expense), net (11,973) 6,493    (1,788) (16,886)  
Loss before income taxes (47,682) (165,360)   (534,664) (600,628)  
Income tax benefit 6,894  29,516    36,019  32,958   
Consolidated net loss (40,788) (135,844)   (498,645) (567,670)  
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest
 43  93    (881) (17,044)  
Net loss attributable to the Company $ (40,831) $ (135,937)   $ (497,764) $ (550,626)  
Consolidated Revenue
Consolidated revenue increased $148.9 million, or 33.3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $6.7 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated revenue increased $142.2 million, or 31.8%. During the third quarter of 2020, revenue throughout our business was adversely affected by COVID-19. As lockdowns have been lifted and mobility levels have increased in 2021, we have seen corresponding increases in revenue across our portfolio.
Consolidated revenue increased $185.2 million, or 14.1%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $42.5 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated revenue increased $142.7 million, or 10.9%. As we continue to recover from the adverse effects of COVID-19, we have seen increases in revenue across our products, with the exception of our transit business, including airports, which was the most significantly impacted by lockdowns and mobility restrictions resulting from COVID-19. This increase in revenue was partially offset by the sale of our Clear Media business on April 28, 2020.
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Consolidated Direct Operating Expenses
Consolidated direct operating expenses increased $34.1 million, or 11.7%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $4.2 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated direct operating expenses increased $29.9 million, or 10.3%, mainly due to higher site lease expense driven by higher revenue and higher charges related to our restructuring plans to reduce headcount.
Consolidated direct operating expenses increased $18.8 million, or 2.1%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $37.5 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated direct operating expenses decreased $18.7 million, or 2.1%, driven by the sale of our Clear Media business and higher negotiated rent abatements. These decreases were partially offset by higher variable rent related to higher revenue, higher charges related to our restructuring plans to reduce headcount, and higher employee compensation costs as we ceased certain temporary operating cost savings initiatives and experienced a reduction in European governmental wage subsidies.
The following table provides additional information about certain of the drivers of consolidated direct operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Reductions of consolidated rent expense on lease and non-lease contracts due to negotiated rent abatements
 $ 21,617  $ 23,766  $ 78,873  $ 53,145 
European governmental support and wage subsidies(1)
5,474  5,609  10,397  9,767 
Restructuring and other costs(2)
8,087  1,363  18,066  2,408 
(1)Includes rent subsidies of $5.4 million and $3.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $8.7 million and $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2)Includes severance and related costs for our restructuring plans to reduce headcount of $8.0 million and $17.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $0.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $11.3 million, or 10.6%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $1.3 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated SG&A expenses increased $10.0 million, or 9.4%, driven by higher employee compensation costs due to improvements in operating performance and higher charges related to our restructuring plans to reduce headcount.
Consolidated SG&A expenses decreased $1.7 million, or 0.5%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $11.4 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated SG&A expenses decreased $13.1 million, or 3.9%, driven by the sale of our Clear Media business and lower credit loss expense related to our recovery from COVID-19. These decreases were partially offset by higher charges related to our restructuring plans to reduce headcount and higher employee compensation costs driven by improvements in operating performance, net of savings from headcount reductions.
The following table provides additional information about certain of the drivers of consolidated SG&A expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
European governmental support and wage subsidies $ 855  $ 1,548  $ 2,685  $ 4,743 
Restructuring and other costs(1)
9,144  5,538  17,934  8,597 
(1)Includes severance and related costs for our restructuring plans to reduce headcount of $8.3 million and $16.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $4.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Corporate Expenses
Corporate expenses increased $11.1 million, or 36.1%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $0.6 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, corporate expenses increased $10.5 million, or 34.2%.
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Corporate expenses increased $13.9 million, or 13.9%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $3.0 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, corporate expenses increased $10.8 million, or 10.9%.
These increases were largely driven by higher variable incentive compensation related to improvements in operating performance and higher share-based compensation.
The following table provides information about restructuring and other costs included within corporate expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Restructuring and other costs(1)
$ 1,498  $ 2,345  $ 8,612  $ 10,676 
(1)Includes severance and related costs for our restructuring plans to reduce headcount of $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $1.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $3.2 million, or 5.1%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $0.6 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization increased $2.6 million, or 4.2%.
Depreciation and amortization decreased $14.4 million, or 7.0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $4.3 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization decreased $18.7 million, or 9.1%, mainly driven by the sale of our Clear Media business.
Impairment Charges
We recognized impairment charges of $119.0 million and $150.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, driven by increases in the discount rate and reductions in projected cash flows related to the negative impacts of COVID-19 on our financial statements, as follows:
•During the first quarter of 2021, we recognized impairment charges of $119.0 million related to our Americas indefinite-lived permits.
•During the first and third quarters of 2020, we recognized impairment charges of $123.1 million and $17.5 million, respectively, related to our Americas indefinite-lived permits. During the third quarter of 2020, we also impaired the goodwill allocated to our Latin America business, resulting in $9.7 million of additional impairment charges.
Other Operating Expense (Income), Net
For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized other operating income, net, of $2.4 million and other operating expense, net, of $5.5 million, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized other operating income, net, of $4.0 million and $58.1 million, respectively. The income in 2020 was primarily driven by a gain on the sale of our Clear Media business of $75.2 million, partially offset by legal costs and consulting fees incurred related to the sale.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, decreased $6.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, primarily driven by the refinancing of the CCWH Senior Notes during the first half of 2021.
Interest expense, net, decreased $2.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. This decrease was driven by lower interest on our Term Loan Facility due to a favorable change in the interest rate, partially offset by the issuance of the Clear Channel International B.V. 6.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (the “CCIBV Senior Secured Notes”) in August 2020.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $102.8 million related to the redemption of the CCWH Senior Notes. We did not extinguish any debt during the three months ended September 30, 2021.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $5.4 million related to the repayment of the CCIBV Promissory Note in August 2020.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized other expense, net, of $12.0 million and other income, net, of $6.5 million, respectively, primarily related to net foreign exchange gains and losses recognized in connection with intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized other expense, net, of $1.8 million and $16.9 million, respectively. The change was due to lower net foreign exchange losses recognized in connection with intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies, as well as costs incurred in connection with the Separation in 2020.
Income Tax Benefit
The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were 14.5% and 6.7%, respectively, compared to 17.8% and 5.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. These rates were primarily impacted by the valuation allowance recorded against current period deferred tax assets resulting from losses and interest expense carryforwards in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions due to uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to realize those assets in future periods. Additionally, we recorded $59.5 million of tax expense in 2020 as a result of selling our 50.91% stake in Clear Media.
Americas Results of Operations
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 % Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
  2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
Revenue $ 319,020  $ 223,715  42.6% $ 802,524  $ 719,202  11.6%
Direct operating expenses(1)
128,518  110,906  15.9% 334,491  354,430  (5.6)%
SG&A expenses(1)
51,824  44,872  15.5% 139,433  143,629  (2.9)%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA 139,086  70,716  96.7% 330,527  225,693  46.4%
(1)Includes restructuring and other costs that are excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Three Months
Americas Revenue
Americas revenue increased $95.3 million, or 42.6%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. During the third quarter of 2020, Americas revenue was adversely affected by COVID-19. As lockdowns have been lifted and mobility levels have increased in 2021, we have seen corresponding increases in revenue across all of our products, most notably print billboards, digital billboards and airport displays. Revenue from airport displays increased 88.7% to $43.0 million as compared to $22.8 million during the same period of 2020, driven by increased travel and the new advertising and sponsorship contract with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
Americas total digital revenue increased 68.4% during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period of 2020, as follows:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 %
2021 2020 Change
Digital revenue from billboards, street furniture & spectaculars
 $ 91,361  $ 57,280  59.5%
Digital revenue from transit1
23,285  10,784  115.9%
Total digital revenue $ 114,646  $ 68,064  68.4%
(1)Digital revenue from transit includes revenue from airport digital displays.
Revenue generated from national sales comprised 37.1% and 36.5% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, while the remainder of revenue was generated from local sales.
Americas Expenses
Americas direct operating expenses increased $17.6 million, or 15.9%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020 mainly due to higher site lease expense related to higher revenue. Americas site lease expense, which includes rent expense on both lease and non-lease contracts, increased 15.3% to $103.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $89.4 million during the same period of 2020.
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Americas SG&A expenses increased $7.0 million, or 15.5%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020 primarily due to higher employee compensation costs driven by improvements in operating performance. This was partially offset by lower credit loss expense related to our recovery from COVID-19.
Nine Months
Americas Revenue
Americas revenue increased $83.3 million, or 11.6%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. As we continue to recover from the adverse effects of COVID-19, we have seen increases in revenue across many of our products, most notably digital and print billboards. This was partially offset by lower revenue from airport displays, which decreased 13.4% to $87.1 million as compared to $100.5 million during the same period of 2020.
Americas total digital revenue increased 21.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period of 2020, as follows:
(In thousands) Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
2021 2020 Change
Digital revenue from billboards, street furniture & spectaculars
 $ 222,364  $ 169,340  31.3%
Digital revenue from transit1
40,374  46,546  (13.3)%
Total digital revenue $ 262,738  $ 215,886  21.7%
(1)Digital revenue from transit includes revenue from airport digital displays.
Revenue generated from national sales comprised 36.8% and 37.2% of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, while the remainder of revenue was generated from local sales.
Americas Expenses
Americas direct operating expenses decreased $19.9 million, or 5.6%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020 driven by lower site lease expense, which decreased 8.1% to $263.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $287.2 million during the same period of 2020. Lower fixed rent driven by negotiated rent abatements with landlords and municipalities was partially offset by higher variable rent related to higher revenue.
Americas SG&A expenses decreased $4.2 million, or 2.9%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Lower credit loss expense related to our recovery from COVID-19 was partially offset by higher employee compensation costs driven by improvements in operating performance, net of savings from headcount reductions.
Europe Results of Operations
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 % Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
  2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
Revenue $ 262,568  $ 216,934  21.0% $ 659,216  $ 535,970  23.0%
Direct operating expenses(1)
187,080  172,049  8.7% 554,087  476,541  16.3%
SG&A expenses(1)
61,040  56,469  8.1% 173,936  156,026  11.5%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA 31,271  (8,141) 484.1% (34,614) (91,071) 62.0%
(1)Includes restructuring and other costs that are excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Three Months
Europe revenue increased $45.6 million, or 21.0%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $6.2 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe revenue increased $39.4 million, or 18.2%. During the third quarter of 2020, Europe revenue was adversely affected by COVID-19. As lockdown restrictions have been largely lifted in most European countries and vaccination levels have increased in 2021, we have seen increased mobility and corresponding increases in revenue across most of our products, primarily street furniture and retail displays, and in most of the countries in which we operate, led by the U.K.
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Europe digital revenue increased 44.8% during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe digital revenue increased 39.3%, as follows:
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 %
2021 2020 Change
Digital revenue
 $ 92,879  $ 64,145  44.8%
Digital revenue, excluding movements in foreign exchange rates 89,331  64,145  39.3%
Europe direct operating expenses increased $15.0 million, or 8.7%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $3.9 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe direct operating expenses increased $11.1 million, or 6.5%, largely driven by higher charges related to our restructuring plan to reduce headcount. Europe site lease expense, which includes rent expense on both lease and non-lease contracts, decreased 1.6% to $100.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $102.3 million during the same period of 2020. Excluding the $2.1 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe site lease expense decreased $3.8 million, or 3.7%, driven by higher negotiated rent abatements.
Europe SG&A expenses increased $4.6 million, or 8.1%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $1.1 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe SG&A expenses increased $3.5 million, or 6.1%, driven by higher charges related to our restructuring plan to reduce headcount.
Nine Months
Europe revenue increased $123.2 million, or 23.0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $41.6 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe revenue increased $81.7 million, or 15.2%, primarily related to our recovery from COVID-19. Higher revenue from street furniture displays, retail displays and billboards was partially offset by lower revenue from transit displays. We experienced higher revenues in most of the countries in which we operate, with the largest increase in the U.K.
Europe digital revenue increased 38.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe digital revenue increased 28.5%, as follows:
(In thousands) Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
2021 2020 Change
Digital revenue
 $ 215,752  $ 156,190  38.1%
Digital revenue, excluding movements in foreign exchange rates 200,750  156,190  28.5%
Europe direct operating expenses increased $77.5 million, or 16.3%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $37.1 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe direct operating expenses increased $40.4 million, or 8.5%, largely driven by higher charges related to our restructuring plan to reduce headcount, higher employee compensation costs as we ceased certain temporary operating cost savings initiatives and experienced a reduction in governmental wage subsidies, and higher site lease expense. Europe site lease expense increased 9.3% to $309.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $283.4 million during the same period of 2020. Excluding the $21.0 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe site lease expense increased $5.5 million, or 1.9%. Higher variable rent related to higher revenue was partially offset by higher European governmental rent subsidies.
Europe SG&A expenses increased $17.9 million, or 11.5%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $11.2 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Europe SG&A expenses increased $6.7 million, or 4.3%, driven by higher charges related to our restructuring plan to reduce headcount, partially offset by decreases in professional fees and other costs.
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Other Results of Operations
(In thousands) Three Months Ended
September 30,		 % Nine Months Ended
September 30,		 %
  2021 2020 Change 2021 2020 Change
Revenue $ 14,828  $ 6,856  116.3% $ 36,666  $ 58,048  (36.8)%
Direct operating expenses(1)
9,109  7,655  19.0% 25,643  64,461  (60.2)%
SG&A expenses(1)
5,294  5,530  (4.3)% 15,224  30,608  (50.3)%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(2)
425  (5,650) 107.5% (4,321) (36,092) 88.0%
(1)Includes restructuring and other costs that are excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(2)Our Latin America business represented ($9.5) million of Other Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Three Months
Other revenue increased $8.0 million, or 116.3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $0.6 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other revenue increased $7.4 million, or 108.2%. During the third quarter of 2020, Latin America revenue was adversely affected by COVID-19. As lockdowns continue to be lifted and mobility levels have increased in 2021, we have seen corresponding increases in revenue.
Other direct operating expenses increased $1.5 million, or 19.0%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $0.3 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other direct operating expenses increased $1.2 million, or 15.6%, primarily driven by higher site lease expense related to higher revenue.
Other SG&A expenses decreased $0.2 million, or 4.3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Excluding the $0.1 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other SG&A expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 6.4%.
Nine Months
Other revenue decreased $21.4 million, or 36.8%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, driven by the sale of our Clear Media business. Revenue from our Latin America business was $36.7 million and $28.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with the increase related to our recovery from COVID-19. Excluding the $0.9 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other revenue decreased $22.3 million, or 38.5%.
Other direct operating expenses decreased $38.8 million, or 60.2%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, driven by the sale of our Clear Media business. Direct operating expenses from our Latin America business were $25.6 million and $24.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with the increase driven by higher site lease expense related to higher revenue. Excluding the $0.4 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other direct operating expenses decreased $39.2 million, or 60.8%.
Other SG&A expenses decreased $15.4 million, or 50.3%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, driven by the sale of our Clear Media business. SG&A expenses from our Latin America business were $15.2 million and $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Excluding the $0.1 million impact of movements in foreign exchange rates, Other SG&A expenses decreased $15.5 million, or 50.7%.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
The following discussion highlights cash flow activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2021 2020
Net cash provided by (used for):    
Operating activities $ (154,273) $ (115,434)
Investing activities $ (79,439) $ 124,262 
Financing activities $ 50,292  $ 444,973 
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 Operating Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used for operating activities was $154.3 million. Cash paid for interest was $264.4 million. Cash collections from customers exceeded cash payments to vendors, including site lease costs; however, collections earlier in the period lagged primarily due to COVID-19’s impact on fourth quarter 2020 and first quarter 2021 sales. Additionally, cash payments during the period include the payment of site lease costs that were deferred from 2020. Interest payments on the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes and CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes are not scheduled to begin until the fourth quarter of 2021.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash used for operating activities was $115.4 million. Cash paid for interest was $302.1 million. Cash collections from customers exceeded cash payments to vendors; however, cash collections primarily later in the period lagged due to COVID-19’s impact on sales and our collection cycle. This adverse impact was partially mitigated by initiatives that we implemented to reduce our expenditures, including the deferral of rent payments and temporary reductions in compensation costs.
Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities reflects our capital expenditures, which primarily relate to construction and sustaining activities for billboards, street furniture and other out-of-home advertising displays, including digital displays. We had the following capital expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands) Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2021 2020
Americas $ 39,988  $ 41,189 
Europe 30,298  31,489 
Other(1)
3,082  10,805 
Corporate 9,070  9,766 
Total $ 82,438  $ 93,249 
(1)Other capital expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $3.8 million of capital expenditures related to the purchase of concession rights in China, prior to the sale of Clear Media.
Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 also reflects the April 2020 sale of Clear Media, which resulted in $216.0 million of proceeds, net of cash retained by Clear Media.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected $36.1 million of net cash proceeds from the issuances of the CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes and CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes, after the payment of debt issuance costs and redemption of the CCWH Senior Notes at 104.625% of the principal amount. This cash was used to pay interest upon the redemption of the CCWH Senior Notes, which is reflected in operating activities on the cash flow statement. We also received $34.7 million, at current exchange rates, of proceeds from a state-guaranteed loan incurred by one of our non-guarantor European subsidiaries in response to COVID-19. These cash inflows were partially offset by principal payments of $15.0 million on our Term Loan Facility.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily reflected $375.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of the CCIBV Senior Secured Notes and the cautionary draw of $150.0 million under our Revolving Credit Facility to enhance liquidity and preserve financial flexibility during the economic downturn resulting from COVID-19. These financing cash inflows were partially offset by the repayment of the $53.0 million CCIBV Promissory Note, which was issued in May 2020 in exchange for the outstanding mandatorily-redeemable preferred stock, which was subsequently transferred to one of our subsidiaries, and principal payments of $15.0 million on our Term Loan Facility.
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Anticipated Cash Requirements
Sources of Capital and Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash flow from operations and our credit facilities. In February 2021, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of CCOH 7.75% Senior Notes and used the net proceeds to redeem $940.0 million aggregate principal amount of our CCWH Senior Notes in March 2021. In June 2021, we issued $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of CCOH 7.5% Senior Notes and used the net proceeds to redeem the remaining outstanding $961.5 million aggregate principal amount of the CCWH Senior Notes. Also in June 2021, one of our non-guarantor European subsidiaries entered into an unsecured loan of approximately $34.7 million, at current exchange rates, with a third-party lender through a state-guaranteed loan program established in response to COVID-19.
As of September 30, 2021, we had $600.0 million of cash on our balance sheet, including $200.5 million of cash held outside the U.S. by our foreign subsidiaries. Excess cash from our foreign operations may be transferred to our operations in the U.S. if needed to fund operations in the U.S., subject to the foreseeable cash needs of our foreign operations and restrictions in the indenture governing the CCIBV Senior Secured Notes. We could presently repatriate excess cash with minimal U.S. tax consequences, as calculated for tax law purposes, and dividend distributions from our international subsidiaries may be exempt from U.S. federal income tax.
Additionally, as of September 30, 2021, we had excess availability of $64.4 million under our Receivables-Based Credit Facility and $1.8 million under our Revolving Credit Facility.
On October 26, 2021, we repaid the $130.0 million outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility using cash on hand, resulting in a corresponding increase in excess availability under such facility. As of October 26, 2021, we had $131.8 million available under our Revolving Credit Facility.
Uses of Capital and Liquidity
Our primary uses of liquidity are for working capital used to fund the operations of the business, capital expenditures and debt service obligations. COVID-19's extensive impact on the global advertising market has had a significant negative impact on our results of operations in both our Americas and Europe segments. In response, starting in March 2020, we have taken a number of measures to increase our liquidity and preserve and strengthen our financial flexibility, including renegotiating contracts with landlords and municipalities, reducing compensation costs, obtaining European governmental support and wage subsidies, reducing discretionary expenses, and deferring capital expenditures and site lease payments. As our operating performance improves, we continue to reassess and modify these actions accordingly, including ceasing certain temporary operating cost savings initiatives and increasing our investment in our business through additional capital expenditures. However, the duration and severity of COVID-19 continue to evolve and remain uncertain, and we will consider implementing additional cost savings initiatives in order to better align our operating expense base with revenues and to provide additional financial flexibility as circumstances warrant.
We continue to execute on the Europe portion of our international restructuring plan to reduce headcount and incurred approximately $33.5 million in related charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In April 2021, we revised the Europe portion of this restructuring plan to reflect delays in implementation and additional headcount reductions. As revised, we estimate that total charges for this portion of the plan, including $41.9 million of charges already incurred, will be in a range of approximately $51 million to $56 million, all of which is expected to result in cash expenditures. Substantially all charges related to this plan were or are expected to be severance benefits and related costs. We expect the revised plan to be substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of 2023 and to result in pre-tax annual cost savings in excess of $28 million. However, actual final charges pursuant to this plan may be materially different from our estimates, and there is no guarantee that we will achieve the cost savings that we expect. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we made cash expenditures of $8.6 million related to the Europe portion of our international restructuring plan. In addition, we made cash expenditures of $2.4 million related to our restructuring plan to reduce headcount in our Americas segment, which was completed during the fourth quarter of 2020, and $1.4 million related to costs incurred in conjunction with these plans related to corporate operations. Refer to Note 9 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on our restructuring plans.
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During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we spent $264.4 million of cash to pay interest on our debt. We anticipate having approximately $123.2 million of cash interest payment obligations during the remainder of 2021 and $318.9 million of cash interest payment obligations in 2022, assuming we do not refinance or incur additional debt. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we made $15.0 million of principal payments on the Term Loan Facility and expect to make additional principal payments of $5.0 million on the Term Loan Facility during the remainder of 2021. On October 26, 2021, we repaid the outstanding balance of $130.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility using cash on hand. Our next material debt maturity is in 2025 when the $375.0 million aggregate principal amount of CCIBV Senior Secured Notes is due; however, at our option, we may redeem or repay a portion of our outstanding debt prior to maturity in accordance with the terms of our debt agreements. Refer to Note 4 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details on our debt outstanding as of September 30, 2021.
Trends and Uncertainties
We believe that our cash on hand and additional availability under our credit facilities, combined with cash flows from operations and our continued savings initiatives, will enable us to meet our working capital, capital expenditure, debt service, restructuring and other funding requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, our anticipated results are subject to significant uncertainty and may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Our ability to meet our funding requirements depends on the impacts from these uncertainties, including the ongoing impact of COVID-19, our future operating performance, our cash flow from operations, and our ability to manage our liquidity and obtain supplemental liquidity, if necessary. Additional factors may emerge that could cause our expectations to change. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash through our operations or obtain sources of supplemental liquidity, we could face substantial liquidity problems, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and on our ability to meet our obligations. We may take further cost-cutting measures beyond those discussed above to generate short-term liquidity in the event of an unanticipated need for cash. In addition, we regularly consider, and enter into discussions with our lenders related to, potential financing alternatives, which may include supplemental liquidity through issuances of secured or unsecured debt or other capital-raising transactions.
Our significant interest payment obligations reduce our financial flexibility, make us more vulnerable to changes in operating performance and economic downturns generally, reduce our liquidity over time and could negatively affect our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. In the future, we may need to obtain additional financing from banks or other lenders, through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity, through strategic relationships or other arrangements, or from a combination of these sources. There can be no assurance that financing alternatives will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us in the future due to market conditions, our financial condition, our liquidity constraints or other factors, many of which are beyond our control, and even if financing alternatives are available to us, we may not find them suitable or at reasonable interest rates. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from securing financing on terms that are available to us at that time or at all.
We frequently evaluate strategic opportunities both within and outside our existing lines of business, and we expect from time to time to dispose of certain businesses and may pursue acquisitions. These dispositions or acquisitions could be material. Specifically, as we continue to focus on operational efficiencies that drive greater margin and cash flow, we will continue to review and consider opportunities to unlock shareholder value, which may include, among other things, potential asset or operational divestitures intended to deleverage and increase free cash flow. We have in the past and may from time to time in the future consider strategic transactions, including, among other things, the sale of one or more of our markets or businesses.
Debt Covenants
The Senior Secured Credit Agreement contains a springing financial covenant, applicable solely to the Revolving Credit Facility if the balance of the Revolving Credit Facility is greater than $0 and undrawn letters of credit exceed $10 million, that generally requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio of 7.60 to 1.00, with a step-down to 7.10 to 1.00 originally scheduled to commence with the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021. In June 2020, we amended the Senior Secured Credit Agreement to suspend the springing financial covenant of the Revolving Credit Facility from the third quarter of 2020 through the second quarter of 2021 and delay the timing of the financial covenant step-down of the first lien net leverage ratio until the first quarter of 2022. In May 2021, we entered into a second amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the suspended springing financial covenant through the fourth quarter of 2021 and further delay the scheduled financial covenant step-down until the third quarter of 2022. We are required to maintain minimum liquidity of $150 million, including cash on hand and availability under our Receivables-Based Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility, through delivery of the March 31, 2022 springing financial covenant calculation and agreed not to make voluntary restricted payments with certain exceptions. We were in compliance with the minimum liquidity covenant as of September 30, 2021.
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In addition, each of our debt agreements includes negative covenants that, subject to significant exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred stock; incur certain liens; engage in mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions; sell certain assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries; pay dividends and distributions or repurchase capital stock; make certain investments, loans, or advances; redeem, purchase or retire subordinated debt; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements which limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur restrictions on the ability to make distributions; and amend or waive organizational documents. As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in our financing agreements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these evaluations form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such difference could be material. Management believes that certain accounting estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical accounting estimates, management's judgments and assumptions, and the effect if actual results differ from these assumptions are described under Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Impairment Tests
We perform impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill at least annually, as of July 1 of each year, and more frequently as events or changes in circumstances warrant. During the first quarter of 2021, we performed an impairment test on our indefinite-lived billboard permits due to changes in our estimates and assumptions, specifically an increase in the discount rate. Additionally, as of July 1, 2021, we performed our annual impairment tests on indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill, as described below. As of September 30, 2021, there were no indicators of impairment.
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as our billboard permits, are reviewed at least annually for possible impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable using the direct valuation method as prescribed in ASC 805-20-S99. Under the direct valuation method, the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets is calculated at the market level as prescribed by ASC 350-30-35, and it is assumed that rather than acquiring indefinite-lived intangible assets as a part of a going concern business, the buyer hypothetically develops indefinite-lived intangible assets and builds a new operation with similar attributes from scratch. Thus, the buyer incurs start-up costs during the build-up phase that are normally associated with going concern value. Initial capital costs are deducted from the discounted cash flow model to calculate the value that is directly attributable to the indefinite-lived intangible assets. Our key assumptions using the direct valuation method are market revenue growth rates, market share, profit margin, duration and profile of the build-up period, estimated start-up capital costs and losses incurred during the build-up period, the risk-adjusted discount rate and terminal values. This data is populated using industry-normalized information representing an average asset within a market.
Due to an increase in the discount rate, we tested our indefinite-lived billboard permits for impairment as of March 31, 2021, resulting in an impairment charge of $119.0 million across several markets in our Americas segment. The impairment was primarily driven by an increase in the discount rate and reductions in projected cash flows related to the expected negative financial statement impacts from COVID-19. In determining the fair value of our billboard permits as of March 31, 2021, we used the following key assumptions:
•Industry revenue growth forecasts used for the initial four-year period, which varied by market, started with the trailing twelve month forecast period ending March 31, 2022, and annual revenue growth on average of 4.9% was assumed from year two to year four, factoring in recovery from the impacts related to COVID-19;
•Revenue growth beyond the initial four-year period was assumed to be 3.0%;
•Revenue was grown over a build-up period, reaching maturity by the second year;
•Operating margins gradually climbed to the industry average margin (as high as 47.4%, depending on market size) by the third year; and
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•The discount rate was assumed to be 10.5%.
As of March 31, 2021, markets with billboard permit fair values exceeding carrying amounts by 30% or less represented $124.1 million of the total fair value of billboard permits. These permits had fair values exceeding carrying amounts by $22.4 million in total. The fair value of billboard permits impaired during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $191.9 million.
Additionally, we performed our annual impairment test as of July 1, 2021, in accordance with ASC 350-30-35, which did not result in any additional impairment to our intangible assets. In determining the fair value of our billboard permits as of July 1, 2021, we used the following key assumptions:
•Industry revenue growth forecasts used for the initial four-year period, which varied by market, started with the trailing twelve month forecast period ending July 1, 2022, and annual revenue growth on average of 5.2% was assumed from year two to year four, factoring in recovery from the impacts related to COVID-19;
•Revenue growth beyond the initial four-year period was assumed to be 3.0%;
•Revenue was grown over a build-up period, reaching maturity by the second year;
•Operating margins gradually climbed to the industry average margin (as high as 47.7%, depending on market size) by the third year; and
•The discount rate was assumed to be 10.5%.
The assumptions used to perform our impairment test are not indicative of future results. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and utilized appropriate assumptions to calculate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets, it is possible that a material change could occur. If future results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, we may be exposed to additional impairment charges in the future. The following table shows the decrease in the fair value of our billboard permits that would result from decreases of 100 basis points in our discrete and terminal period revenue growth rate and profit margin assumptions and an increase of 100 basis points in our discount rate assumption as of each of the impairment testing dates:
(In thousands) Revenue growth rate Profit margin Discount rate
Decrease in fair value of billboard permits: (100 basis point decrease) (100 basis point decrease) (100 basis point increase)
As of March 31, 2021(1)
$ (323,500) $ (88,400) $ (331,900)
As of July 1, 2021(2)
$ (365,300) $ (101,700) $ (374,700)
(1) The change in each assumption as of March 31, 2021 would have resulted in additional impairment of $74.9 million, $18.4 million and $77.8 million, respectively.
(2) The change in the revenue growth rate and discount rate assumptions as of July 1, 2021 would have resulted in impairment of $18.2 million and $20.6 million, respectively. The change in the profit margin assumption as of July 1, 2021 would not have resulted in any impairment.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. We test goodwill at least annually for possible impairment and at interim dates if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The fair value of our reporting units is used to apply value to the net assets of each reporting unit. To the extent that the carrying amount of net assets would exceed the fair value, an impairment charge is recorded. The discounted cash flow approach that we use for valuing goodwill as part of the impairment testing approach involves estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the related assets, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values are also estimated and discounted to their present value.
We performed our annual impairment test as of July 1, 2021, in accordance with ASC 350-30-35, which did not result in any goodwill impairment. In determining the fair value of our reporting units, we used the following assumptions:
•Expected cash flows underlying our business plans for the initial five-year period were based on detailed, multi-year forecasts performed by each of our operating segments and reflect the advertising outlook across our businesses;
•Cash flows were projected to grow at a perpetual growth rate, which we estimated at 3.0%; and
•In order to risk-adjust the cash flow projections in determining fair value, we utilized a discount rate for each of our reporting units ranging from 9.5% to 12.0%.
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Based on our assessment using the assumptions described above, a hypothetical 10% reduction in the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill would not have resulted in a material impairment condition.
The assumptions used to perform our impairment test are not indicative of future results. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and utilized appropriate assumptions to calculate the estimated fair value of our reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur. If future results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, we may be exposed to impairment charges in the future. The following table shows the decrease in the fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill that would result from decreases of 100 basis points in our discrete and terminal period revenue growth rate and profit margin assumptions and an increase of 100 basis points in our discount rate assumption as of July 1, 2021:
(In thousands) Revenue growth rate Profit margin Discount rate
Decrease in fair value of reporting unit:
(100 basis point decrease)1
(100 basis point decrease)1
(100 basis point increase)1
Americas $ (700,000) $ (170,000) $ (640,000)
Europe $ (110,000) $ (110,000) $ (90,000)
1 Changes to our assumptions by these amounts would not result in goodwill impairment as the fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit would still be greater than its carrying value.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a description of the expected impact of newly issued but not yet adopted accounting pronouncements on our financial position and results of operations, refer to Note 1 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements located in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains various forward-looking statements which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including, without limitation, our future operating and financial performance, our restructuring plans, our ability to comply with the covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness, and the availability of capital and the terms thereof. Statements expressing expectations and projections with respect to future matters are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We caution that these forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to many variables that could impact our future performance. These statements are made on the basis of management’s views and assumptions, as of the time the statements are made, regarding future events and performance. There can be no assurance, however, that management’s expectations will necessarily come to pass. Actual future events and performance may differ materially from the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements. We do not intend, nor do we undertake any duty, to update any forward-looking statements.
A wide range of factors could materially affect future developments and performance, including, but not limited to:
•the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and on general economic conditions, including inflationary pressure;
•risks associated with weak or uncertain global economic conditions and their impact on the level of expenditures on advertising;
•our ability to service our debt obligations and to fund our operations and capital expenditures;
•the impact of our substantial indebtedness, including the effect of our leverage on our financial position and earnings;
•industry conditions, including competition;
•our ability to obtain and renew key contracts with municipalities, transit authorities and private landlords;
•technological changes and innovations;
•shifts in population and other demographics;
•fluctuations in operating costs;
•changes in labor conditions and management;
•regulations and consumer concerns regarding privacy and data protection;
•a breach of our information security measures;
•legislative or regulatory requirements;
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•restrictions on out-of-home advertising of certain products;
•our ability to execute restructuring plans;
•the impact of future dispositions, acquisitions and other strategic transactions;
•third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violation against us or our suppliers;
•risks of doing business in foreign countries;
•fluctuations in exchange rates and currency values;
•effects of Brexit on our business;
•volatility of our stock price;
•the effect of analyst or credit ratings downgrades;
•our ability to continue to comply with the applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange;
•the ability of our subsidiaries to dividend or distribute funds to us in order for us to repay our debts;
•the restrictions contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness limiting our flexibility in operating our business;
•uncertainty relating to the LIBOR calculation process and potential phasing out of LIBOR;
•the risk that our historical financial information is not necessarily representative of the results we would have achieved as an independent public company and may not be a reliable indicator of future results;
•the risk that indemnities from iHeartMedia, Inc. will not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of certain liabilities;
•our dependence on our management team and other key individuals; and
•certain other factors set forth in our other filings with the SEC.
This list of factors that may affect future performance and the accuracy of forward-looking statements is illustrative and is not intended to be exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.
ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and inflation.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We have operations in America, Europe and Latin America, and foreign operations are measured in their local currencies. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations. Changes in economic or political conditions in any of the foreign countries in which we operate could result in exchange rate movement, new currency or exchange controls or other currency restrictions being imposed.
Our foreign operations reported net losses of $25.9 million and $169.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We estimate that a 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies would have decreased our net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 by $2.6 million and $17.0 million, respectively, and a 10% decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies would have increased our net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 by corresponding amounts. This analysis does not consider the implications that such currency fluctuations could have on the overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment in the U.S. or the foreign countries or on the results of operations of these foreign entities.
Interest Rate Risk
A portion of our long-term debt bears interest at variable rates; as a result, our financial results are affected by changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2021, 36% of our aggregate principal amount of long-term debt bore interest at floating rates. Assuming the current level of borrowings and a 50% increase in LIBOR, it is estimated that our interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 would have increased by $0.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
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In the event of an adverse change in interest rates, management may take actions to mitigate our exposure. However, due to the uncertainty of the actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the preceding interest rate sensitivity analysis assumes no such actions. Further, the analysis does not consider the effects of the change in the level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment.
Inflation
Inflation is a factor in the economies in which we do business, and we continue to seek ways to mitigate its effect. Inflation has affected our performance in terms of higher costs for wages, salaries and equipment. Although the exact impact of inflation is indeterminable, we believe we have offset these higher costs by increasing the effective advertising rates of most of our out-of-home display faces.
ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021 at the reasonable assurance level.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For information regarding our material pending legal proceedings, refer to Note 5 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements located in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, except that the risk factor set forth under, “The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected and will likely continue to negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects” is updated and replaced as follows:
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected and will likely continue to negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
On March 11, 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In response to the pandemic, governments around the world implemented numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, work-from-home orders and shutdowns. These measures have impacted and continue to impact our workforce and operations, the behavior of our advertising customers and of consumers, and the operations of our suppliers. Our business, along with the global economy, was adversely affected by these measures, which resulted in significant reductions in time spent out of home by consumers, reductions in advertising and consumer spending, volatile economic conditions and business disruptions across markets globally.
We have experienced, and may experience in the future, significantly reduced advertising spend, which has and could continue to materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods and could result in future impairments. As lockdowns have been lifted and mobility levels have increased, we have seen corresponding increases in revenue across our products; however, we are unable to predict if such increases will be sustained. Additionally, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic could have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Although several COVID-19 vaccines are currently being widely administered in both the U.S. and Europe, the duration and severity of the effects of the pandemic continue to evolve and remain uncertain and may be impacted by various factors, including the pace of COVID-19 vaccine distribution and vaccine effectiveness, rates of infection from new COVID-19 variants, and actions taken throughout the world, including in our markets, to contain the coronavirus or manage its impact. Macro-economic conditions, including inflationary pressures resulting from easing COVID-19 lockdowns, may also affect our business. Heightened levels of economic inflation could result in higher costs and decreased margins and earnings, since inflation has historically affected our performance in terms of higher costs for wages, salaries and equipment. If our costs are subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through advertising rate increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. The severity, magnitude and duration of COVID-19 continues to be uncertain, evolving, hard to predict and depends on events beyond our knowledge or control. As such, we might not be able to predict or respond to all impacts on a timely basis to prevent near- or long-term adverse impacts on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, which may be material.
ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth our purchases of shares of our common stock made during the quarter ended September 30, 2021:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
Average Price Paid per Share(1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 through July 31 14,002  $ 1.61  —  — 
August 1 through August 31 2,409  $ 1.88  —  — 
September 1 through September 30 594,109  $ 2.45  —  — 
Total 610,520  $ 2.43  —  — 
(1)The shares indicated consist of shares of our common stock tendered by employees to us during the three months ended September 30, 2021 to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting and release of restricted shares, which are repurchased by us based on their fair market value on the date the relevant transaction occurs.
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ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number		 Description
10.1
10.2
31.1*
31.2*
32.1**
32.2**
101.INS* XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 
101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 
101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL).
__________________
*    Filed herewith.
**    Furnished herewith.
Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR HOLDINGS, INC.
November 9, 2021  /s/ JASON A. DILGER    
Jason A. Dilger
Chief Accounting Officer
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